Research Proposal On Quality Of Life In Ostomy Patients - 1375 Words

Research Proposal On Quality Of Life In Ostomy Patients (Research Proposal Sample) Content: Research Proposal: Quality of life in ostomy patientsNameInstitutionDateResearch Proposal: Quality of life in ostomy patientsIntroductionBackground InformationOstomy is a procedure directed towards treatment of conditions caused majorly by colorectal cancer or inflammatory bowel disease for non-cancer patients (Grant et al., 2004, Krouse et al., 2009 and Smith et al., 2007). Colorectal cancer (CRC) has recorded increased incidence and mortality rates over the past years making it a major public health concern (Carlsson et al., 2010 and Marquis et al., 2003). The only standard treatment for colorectal cancer remains to be colostomy. During this procedure, the normal bowel function is interrupted as the waste is passed through the stroma into a collecting equipment (Marquis et al., 2003). Ostomy is meant to treat and reduce the patients pain and discomfort.This results into about a hundred thousand colostomy patients in United Kingdom, seven hundred thousand patients in the United States and one million recorded in China. Over the years, colostomy has experienced an increased treatment advances and high screening rates improving the relative survival rates of CRC patients (Marventano et al., 2013). However, colostomy creates a challenge in terms of normal life functioning as it may lead to intensified distress and patients suffering causing attendant stress(Siassi et al., 2008, Neuman et al., 2011 and Taylor Morgan, 2011). Studies show that 76 percent of colostomy patients reported skin irritation, 62 percent reported pouch leakage, 59 percent recorded offensive odor, 54 percent reported reduction of intimacy and 53 percent recorded depression and or anxiety.Quality of outcome (QOL) is a standard measure of the patients opinions about their wellbeing and functional status (Canova et al., 2013 and Peng et al., 2011). QOL has been a research priority for the past few years even as new methods to improving the whole process are being devised. Althou gh new efforts are made to improve the surgery outcomes and reduce impact on patients life (Pereira et al., 2012), there are cases of post stoma stress and physiological problems are still on the rise (Mahjoubi et al., 2010).Research questionsWhat are the difference dimensions of the quality of life?What are the factors associated with stroma-specific QOL among stroma patients?Research ObjectivesTo establish the difference dimensions of QOLTo determine the factors associated with stroma-specific QOL among stroma patients.JustificationThis study will provide useful information that will be used by governments and policy makers in implementing further studies and research in colorectal cancer and ostomy. These studies will enhance improvements of the stoma-specific quality of life outcomes.Literature ReviewResearch literatures establishes that patients suffering from ostomy experience several challenges in depending on their quality of life(Sprangers et al., 1995, Symms et al., 2008 a nd Coons et al., 2007). Colostomy is a surgical procedure that is performed on ostomy patients so as to reduce gastrointestinal symptoms and also to prevent the disease progression to other parts of the body (Tafreshi et al., 2010). Mitchell et al. (2007), showed that changes that occur after colostomy such as tangled body function and interference of a number of physical appearance are a major cause of problems in the patients privet lives. For instance research establishes that colostomy and after- symptoms affects the patients intimate relationship with their partners (R. Krouse et al., 2007 and Coons et al., 2007). Brown and Randle (2005) says that patients from Ostomy surgery tend to worry more about their sexual lives. Other research informs that patients in early stages after surgery and stoma function records the highest sexual problems inflicting a further injury in their quality of life (Smith et al., 2007 and Brown Randle, 2005). Another research shown that almost half o f patients who were sexually active before ostomy surgery became inactive after the procedure (Symms et al., 2008). This calls for medical practitioners and counselors to evaluate stroma patients sexual health and advice where appropriate (Tafreshi et al., 2010)Studies have also shown that other than sexual impacts, other physical problems that are related to stroma surgery are, peristomal skin irritation, bad odor and noise from the appliances. This has a definite impact in their life quality (Lynch et al., 2008 and Ohman, 1982). Other studies also records emotional and mental issues from ostomy patients. Patient had some degree of cognitive and mental problems that they were concerned about (Richboug et al., 2007)Economic problems are also associated with most ostomy patients. A research establishes that the cost of ostomy should be an important input in the quality of life consideration. Another research further associates loss of employment with Colostomy. Most patients reported that they had to change or leave their job after disease onset and their ostomy, and that this had affected their income (Tafreshi et al., 2010)Black (2004) suggested that healthcare workers can use their skills to improve the life of ostomy patients. Tafreshi stated that Health care providers should make every attempt to improve quality of life in their ostomy patients, and nurses in particular should be aware that their knowledge and skills can help to enhance quality of life before and after ostomy surgery. Nurses should use different approaches to enable the patients understand the importance of coping and acceptance of life with ostomy (Danielsen et al., 2013)MethodologyQualitative research depends on purposefully collection of data directed towards investigating a phenomenon of interest (Polit et al., 2005). A sample of interest will be selected from patients with stroma who will present themselves at the local hospital at the location of study.Inclusion and Exclusion Criteri aThe study will include patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer and those who have undergone stroma surgery six months earlier from the time of study. The patients should be free from other diseases. Subjects will have to be 18 years or older with ability to speak and write English. Most importantly patients who will be will be willing to participate in the study. Whilst exclusion criteria will include those patients with physical or psychological disabilities and those just not willing to participate (Minow, 1991).Ethical considerationThe study will seek approval from the following ethics committees, ethical committee from the hospitals (study sites), ethical committee from the university and an approval from the national ethics committee (Association et al., 2001). Participants will be provided with information about the study as a requirement of requirements for clinical research. A written informed consent will be provided to the participating patients so that they participate in the study voluntarily. The patients will participate in the study while on their normal routine checkups (Gajjar, 2013).Data collectionData will be collected from patients (Specific sample size) using interviews by means of semi-structured questionnaires and audiotapes (Canova et al., 2013, Krouse et al., 2007 and Grant et al., 2011). Information will be collected from the patients until saturation (Streubert, 2003). Questionnaires will be designed in a way that they are disease specific and with two sections, the 1st section will consist of demographics, specific questions about the disease and personal characteristics. The 2nd section will be divided into physical, psychological, social and spiritual sub-sections. The sub-section questions will be aimed in determining the patients wellbeing using a global quality life scale. The questionnaire will take about 15 mins to finish. Interviewees will be trained on proper data collection to ensure unity and efficiency in data collect ion (Neuman et al., 2011).Data analysisThe perception of a problem can be shaped properly using qualitative research (Mayan, 2001 and Polit et al., 2005). The audiotape data will be transcribed using verbatim, and then analysed using the latest version of SPSS software. Each patients data will be entered according to the study objectives and descriptive analyses will be used to analyse different subscales from the questionnaires. The mean standard deviation will be used to describe the distribution of quantitative variables and to obtain frequency distribution of the demographics. Chi- square, t-test will be used to determine the significance difference in binary and qualitative variables at p0.05(Polit et al., 2005).BibliographyAssociation, W. M., others. (2001). World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki.Ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 79(4), 373.Brown, H., Randle, J. (2005). Living with a stoma: a review of the literature. Journal ofClinical Nursing, 14(1), 7481. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00945.xCanova, C., Giorato, E., Roveron, G., Turrini, P., Zanotti, R. (2013). Validation of a stoma-specific quality of life questionnaire in a sample of patients with colostomy or ileostomy. Colorectal Disease, 15(11), e692e698. https://doi.org/10.1111/codi.12324Carlsson, E., Berndtsson, I., Halln, A.-M., Lindholm, E., Persson, E. (2010). Concerns andQuality of Life Before Surgery and During the Recovery Period in Patients With Rectal Cancer and an Ostomy: Journal of Wound, Ostomy and Continence Nursing, 37(6), 654661. https://doi.org/10.1097/WON.0b013e3181f90f0cCoons...

Analysis Of Andrew Niccol s The Great Gatsby - 875 Words

Imagine a world where time is money, or better yet a world where your body stops aging at twenty-five. Andrew Niccol has created this world in his movie, In Time. Throughout In Time, time has become the universal currency; which is used to pay for day-to-day expenses and can be transferred between people or capsules. In an interview about In Time, Justin Timberlake explains, â€Å"You can make time, you can borrow time, you can steal time, and it’s all kind of transmitted through your pulse† (Talk In Time). Justin plays Will Salas, a poor man, â€Å"[†¦] who wakes up everyday with twenty-three hours on his clock, so he has less than a day to live, and so he’s almost like a rat in a maze, constantly running the wheel so to speak† (Talk In Time). In a twisted sense, this actually makes sense. It is not so much future based as it is on current events. In a world where the rich live longer, our society has an abundance of greed, income inequality, and ove rpopulation much like In Time. Since ancient times people have tried to institutionalize moral values. Nevertheless, mankind being flawed can never quite achieve perfection. Of all the vices humans possess, greed is the most significant. In Time is a precise example of how science fiction, by shifting us from our current situations, can make room for us to talk more openly about them. It is striking to see what people are capable of saying when the word money is replaced with time. â€Å"In Time, on the other hand, presents us with a

Eastern Air Lines Lockheed L 1011 Crashed At 2342 Eastern...

An Eastern Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 crashed at 2342 Eastern Standard Time, December 29, 1972, approximately 18 miles west-northwest of Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida. The air- craft was destroyed. There were 163 passengers and a crew of 13 aboard the aircraft; 94 passengers and 5 crewmembers died. All other occupants received injuries, which ranged in severity from minor to critical. It was a normal flight until the approach to Miami International and the landing gear handle was placed in the down position during the preparation for landing. The green light, which would have indicated to the flight crew that the nose landing gear was fully extended and locked, failed to illuminate. The captain recycled the landing gear a few times, but the green light still failed to light. The crew called for clearance and climbed to 2,000 feet mean sea level and followed a clearance to proceed west from the airport at that altitude. During this time, the crew became focused on correcting the malfunction and to determine whether or not the nose landing gear was extended and locked. At 2335:09, EAL 401 contacted MIA approach control and reported, â€Å"All right, ah, approach control, Eastern four zero one, we’re right over the airport here and climbing to two thousand feet, in fact, we’ve just reached two thousand feet and we’ve got to get a green light on our nose gear. â€Å"(NTSB, 1974) The second officer was finally able to remove the nose gear light housing but was unable toShow MoreRelated Eastern Flight 401 Essay example2733 Words   |  11 PagesEastern Flight 401 An Eastern Air Lines Lockheed L-1011 crashed at 2342 eastern standard time, December 29, 1972, 18.7 miles west-northwest of Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida. The aircraft was destroyed. Of the 163 passengers and 13 crewmembers aboard, 94 passengers and 5 crewmembers received fatal injuries. Two survivors died later as a result of their injuries. Following a missed approach because of a suspected nose gear malfunction, the aircraft climbed to 2, 000 feet meanRead MoreEssay on Crew Resource Management (Aviation)1968 Words   |  8 PagesUnfortunately, accumulating events of disastrous air crashes (predominantly in the mid-1960s and 1970s) resulting from primary causes including poor pilot management and the lack of utilising multiple resources available to the crew. These particular causes or insufficiencies consequently served as triggers, bringing to attention the realising significance of CRM, and its need for application in flight crew practices (Murray, n.d.). Eastern Airlines Flight 401, Everglades (Florida): Although

Technology and Crime - 2530 Words

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Essay about Legalizing Marijuana Is our Solution - 1396 Words

Imagine you are lying in your home, suffering from the side-effects of chemotherapy and all you can do is think about how sick you are and what could possibly keep you from being secluded from life and happiness. Marijuana will prevent side-effects linked to terminal illnesses, does not cause any real harm to a humans well-being, and would increase US revenue due to taxation and also tourism. Well, according to Ed Rosenthal and Steve Kubby of the book Why Marijuana Should Be Legal, from which this viewpoint is excerpted. They argue that â€Å"marijuana is effective at relieving pain, controlling nausea, and stimulating the appetite, and is successfully used to treat a large number of medical problems, including asthma, CANCER, AIDS, depression,†¦show more content†¦Amsterdam-style coffeehouses would generate jobs and tourism. â€Å"For a state like California, in which marijuana accounts for $14 billion a year in sales, such a tax could generate huge revenues. 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Analyzing the Point of View - 700 Words

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In the dialogue that ensues between the minister and Deacon Gookin, we learn of an impending meeting expecting participants hailing from â€Å"Falmouth and beyond... Indian powows† (HawthorneRead MoreAnalysis Of `` Girl `` By Jamaica Kincaid And The Birth Mark1032 Words   |  5 PagesBefore analyzing â€Å"Girl† by Jamaica Kincaid and â€Å"The Birth-Mark† by Nathanial Hawthorne, it is important to understand the role that women played in society during the time the short stories were written. In each of the stories the theme relates directly to the expectations that women were held to during that time in history. After reading both of the stories, it is clear that there were several literary elements used to portray the domestic responsibilities of women in society at the time. Analyzing

Hip Hop morals free essay sample

In the Music Industry Introduction: -Ice Breaker: Name and what Is your favorite music artist? (preferably hip hop artist) When you hear the term hip hop, what comes to mind? What Is hip-hop? A culture and form of ground breaking music and self expression with elements that consisted of the elements of graffiti art, Digging, Mincing, and breaking. It began In the asses as an underground movement in the South Bronx area of New York City. Hip hop is used as an outlet for the youth to express their beliefs and ideas.There are many different sub-genres of hip hop that are often formed as a response to efferent perceived political and/or social injustices. Many rappers focus on topics such as drugs, sex, alcohol, and objectifying women. While the lyrics in these songs may be fun to sing along with, they do not always provide positive messages for the audience. We will write a custom essay sample on Hip Hop morals or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some artists have taken a stand against this and have decided to rap about Important and relevant Issues such as racism, homophobia, consumerism,etc Nas, Moms Deaf. And Mackerel are three examples of this. 1) Moms Deaf Moms Deaf. Hose real name Is Dante Therell Smith, has been ranked as one of the top 50 Masc. of our time. He has spent a lot of his time being active in different social and political causes. One of his main causes is speaking out against racism. His years also place emphasis on how every human being is capable and valuable, and how it is so important for everyone to be able to realize that. In his song Fear Not of Man, he expresses this: If hip hop Is about the people, and the hip hop wont get better until the people get better, than how do the people get better?Well, from my understanding, people get better when they start to understand they are valuable. And they not valuable because they got a whole lot of money or cause somebody, think they sexy. But they valuable because they been created by God, and God makes you valuable. a) What is Moms Deaf trying to teach us in this verse? B) Do you agree with Moms Deaf? C) What do you think makes one valuable? Nas is a well known artist who is recognized as one of the top hip hop artists. Nas educated himself on African culture through other hip hop artists and used their wisdom as inspiration and motivation for his work.He is a spokesperson and mentor for Pitons Records, which is an after school program that helps create constructive opportunities in the urban youth through no-cost music programs. He really wants his audience to understand his music so he was the first artist to create his own rap genius account to explain his music. He tries to take a stand against racial issues and emphasizes the fact that sitting around will get one nowhere; people must be proactive in order to create change. Walking talking dead though we think were living, we Just copycat following the system. We trapped in our own brain, stuck behind bars. Weve already gone insane. Weve already gave up, cut our own heads off. Why listen to somebody else tell you how to do it When you can do it yourself; its all in you, do it, do it Song: Black Zombie a) Why is it important to follow the message of Nas in this song? B) Has there ever been a time where you have felt like you should be changing something, but instead you Just sit around instead? ) Mackerel While Mackerel is a new addition to the music scene, the depth and meaning behind the lyrics to his new songs are undeniable. He is a huge social Justice advocate, and openly speaks about his battles with drugs and alcohol. Two of his main focuses are on homophobia in mainstream hip hop, society, and mass media and the consumerism mentality of America. He also wants listeners to learn the lesson that it takes hard work and patience to achieve goals and not to give up.Homophobia: A word rooted in hate, yet our genre still ignores it / Gay is synonymous with the lesser / Its the same hate thats caused wars from religion / Gender to skin color, complexion of your pigment / The same fight that lead people to walk-outs and sit-ins / Human rights for everybody, there is no difference Song: Same love Consumerism: We want what we cant have, commodity makes us want it / So expensive, I Just got to flaunt it / A hundred dollars for a pair of shoes I would never hoop in Song: Wings Motivation: The greats werent great because at birth they could paint, the greats were great because they paint a lot Song: Ten Thousand Hours a) What message is Mackerel trying to get across through these different lyrics? B) Do you think that all of these lessons that he is trying to teach us are real issues in the American society? C) How can we take Mackerels lessons and try to apply them to our own lives?